Appendices - Funding to Support CJCs

Appendix A – Methodology

The evaluation questions identified for the purpose of this evaluation were addressed through the following four methods and triangulated

Document and file review

The document and file review included the following types of documents:

In addition, a template was created to capture key features of each of the CJCs as well as some information on early impacts. Each funding recipient was asked to complete the template for their CJCs.

Key informant interviews

A total of 23 semi-structured interviews – some of which were small group interviews – were conducted with a total of 51 participants. They included interviews Ad Hoc Committee members (funding recipients of CJCCJC pilots and provincial and territorial engagement sessions as well as other members from provincial and territorial governments), Justice Canada representatives, and CJC representatives.

Literature review

The literature review focussed on recent (primarily within the last 10 to 15 years) academic and research literature on the community justice approach, and the criminal justice system gaps and challenges that CJCs are intended to address. The search gathered information from both peer-reviewed (scientific and other academic) journals and grey literature, such as government and organizational reports and websites.

Case studies

Four case studies were conducted to explore selected CJCs in greater depth. The case studies focussed on the development and early results of the CJCs and were selected to ensure representation of various aspects and characteristics of CJCs. The case studies included interviews with CJC staff and delivery partners (community organizations and justice professionals).

The evaluation had three methodological limitations that should be noted.

Limited Data on Early Impacts

There was limited data on early impacts available for each CJC. This was due to the small number of pilot projects funded through the CJC Initiative that were at different levels of implementation. To mitigate this, the evaluation gathered information on early impacts through interviews, interim project reports, and templates.

Document and File Review

The available project reports did not necessarily capture consistent information for each CJC separately to support an analysis of key features and implementation by CJC. To mitigate this limitation, the evaluation created templates for completion by each pilot CJC to capture consistent information across the CJCs on their features, as well as early outcome information. To the extent possible, the evaluation team completed the templates before sending them to the funding recipients. At the time of reporting, templates were completed for 12 of the 16 CJCs that are included in the evaluation (four ON CJCs, six BC CJCs, the MKO Justice Navigation Hub, and the Red River Métis CJC).

Case Studies

The evaluation planned for five case studies. They were selected to include examples of each CJC model, at least one case study from each jurisdiction, and case studies for a variety of target populations and geographic locations (urban, rural, remote). Four of the five case studies proceeded as planned. The planned case study with the BC Virtual IJC was not carried out because suitable delivery partners and other stakeholder interviewees could not be identified. Information on the Virtual IJC was still captured by interviews with BCFNJC representatives and staff with the Virtual IJC, along with the completion of a template.

Appendix B - CJC features

Features BC IJCs ON CJCs MKO Justice Navigation Hub Red River Métis CJC
Locations served Urban, rural, remote, northern
10 locations throughout BC, including one virtual IJC
Province-wide		 Urban (TNW, DTE, London, Kenora)
Rural, remote, northern (Kenora)		 Urban, rural, remote, northern
Located in Thompson, MB serving 26 First Nations communities in northern Manitoba		 Urban, rural, remote, northern
Located in Winnipeg
Province-wide
Primary target population(s) Indigenous people
  • Black and racialized youth (TNW)
  • Complex high needs adults (DTE)
  • Young adults (London)
  • Indigenous youth and young adults (Kenora)
 First Nations Red River Métis
Secondary target population(s) Youth and young adults
Persons with mental health and addictions issues
Homeless
Official language minority community
Victims of crime
Children in child welfare system		 Persons with mental health and addictions issues (all)
Homeless (all)
Persons with disabilities (DTE)
Victims of crime (TNW, Kenora)
Female accused (DTE)
Poverty (TNW, DTE)
Family of accused (TNW)		 Youth and young adults
Persons with mental health and addictions issues
Homeless
Official language minority communities
Persons with disabilities
Seniors
Victims of crime
Indigenous repeat offenders
Gender diverse people		 Youth and young adults
Persons with mental health and addictions issues
Homeless
Official language minority communities
Persons with disabilities
Seniors
Victims of crime
Persons undergoing separation and divorce
2SLGBTQQIA+
Delivery model Legal clinic plus Integrated justice-social services Navigation Navigation
Mode of service delivery Most IJCs are hybrid (primarily in person but also virtual)
One IJC is virtual only		 Hybrid (primarily in person but also virtual) Hybrid (primarily in person but also virtual) Hybrid (in person and virtual equally)
Legal issues (primary) Criminal
Child protection		 Criminal Criminal Criminal
Other legal issues Additional legal services based on community and cultural needs (as identified)
Example is Chilliwack IJC monthly legal clinic that provides legal advice on various civil and family issues

Community-led case management teams provide support for other matters.

  • DTE: matters before one of the Ontario Tribunals
  • TNW: child protection, Education Act, or landlord tenant conflicts
  • London: landlord tenant conflicts
  • Kenora: child protection
 Navigators will also provide a victim support role None
Stage of criminal process All stages from pre-charge to shortly before or after release
  • TNW, London, Kenora: All stages from pre-charge to shortly before or after release.
  • DTE does not provide services pre-charge but does for all other stages post-charge and aftercare
 All stages from pre-charge to shortly before or after release All stages from pre-charge to shortly before or after release
Supportive services offered on site
  • Full legal representation
  • Case management
  • Navigation services
  • Social or cultural supports in court
  • Indigenous cultural supports

Offered on site at all CJCs:

  • Legal representation
  • duty counsel
  • Case management
  • Navigation services
  • Mental health
    • Substance use
    • Victim/survivor supports
    • Assistance with government benefits

Offered on site at certain CJCs:

  • Social or cultural supports in court (TNW and Kenora)
  • Employment skills/job training (London and Kenora)
  • Education (TNW, London and Kenora)
  • Health (DTE, London)
  • Housing (DTE, London, and Kenora)
  • Life skills (TNW, London, and Kenora)
  • Disability supports (DTE and Kenora)
  • Assistance with government benefits (DTE, TNW, and London)
  • Indigenous cultural supports (Kenora)
  • Other culturally specific supports (DTE, TNW, Kenora)
  • Navigation services
  • Social or cultural supports in court
  • Mental health
  • Housing
  • Assistance with government identifications
  • Indigenous cultural supports
  • Other culturally specific supports
  • Victim services
  • Supports at healing or sentencing circles
  • Case management
  • Navigation services
  • Social or cultural supports in court
  • Employment skills/job training
  • Education
  • Health
  • Housing
  • Life skills
  • Disability supports
  • Assistance with government benefits
  • Indigenous cultural supports
Supportive services referred to The IJCs refer to services not available on site. These include employment skills/job training, education, mental health, substance use, health generally, housing, life skills, and disability supports, among others. The CJCs refer to services not available on site. These include employment skills/job training, education, mental health, substance use, health generally, housing, life skills, and disability supports, among others. The CJCs refer to services not available on site. These include employment skills/job training, education, mental health, substance use, health generally, housing, life skills, and disability supports, among others. The CJCs refer to services not available on site. These include employment skills/job training, education, mental health, substance use, health generally, housing, life skills, and disability supports, among others.
Integration with justice system Defence lawyers are on staff and will refer to other counsel as needed.
IJCs have staff Gladue writers who also support clients with implementing their wellness plans and connecting them to services.
IJC staff work with probation/parole and the home community to assist with re-integration upon release from a correctional facility.		 CJCs integrate all justice sector proceedings and process. In terms of justice-related team members, part of the CJCs’ core team are the Lead Crown and the Case Management Coordinator who assists the Lead Crown. The CJCs also have a dedicated duty counsel. These justice stakeholders are co-located with social services. The navigators work with justice system actors, including the Provincial Court (i.e., to set up virtual court sessions), Manitoba Victim Services (e.g., to help support individuals in locations or at times when Victim Services are unavailable), Restorative Justice North (in files fit for diversion), as well as probation. The CJC navigators will work directly work with Legal Aid Manitoba in terms of referrals. Justice stakeholders (judiciary, Crown, police, defence/duty counsel, probation officers) can refer to the CJC.
The CJC refers participants to the MMF’s justice support coordinator and courtworker who have direct contact with Crown, defence, probation, and court.