Exemptions from Mandatory Minimum Penalties - Recent Developments in Selected Countries

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Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Mandatory Minimum Penalties
• Types of Relief Available
  1. Relief or exclusion from the application of mandatory minimum penalties to those under 18 (juveniles)
  2. Reduction of minimum penalty for early guilty pleas
  3. Relief for defendants who offer substantial assistance to the state
  4. Relief in view of mitigating factors
  5. Relief available in exceptional or substantial and compelling circumstances
  6. Relief in the “interest of justice” or to avoid an “unjust” sentence
  7. Relief to allow for the treatment of the offender
  8. Presumptive minimum penalties
  9. Relief available post-sentencing
• Discussion
  1. Recent developments
  2. Impact of exemptions from mandatory minimum penalties
  3. Exemptions and the prohibition of unjust, arbitrary or inhuman punishment
  4. Policy options
• Reference