Contexte législatif : aide médicale à mourir (projet de loi C-14)

Informations archivées

Le projet de loi C-14, la loi sur l’aide médicale à mourir, a reçu la sanction royale le 17 juin 2016. Pour de plus amples renseignements, consultez canada.ca/sante.

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Annexe E : Bibliographie sur l’aide médicale à mourir

Recherche et observations dans les domaines juridique et médical

Canada

• Beschle, D.L. « Carter v. Canada (Attorney General): Canadian courts revisit the criminalization of assisted suicide » (2013) 59 Wayne Law Review 561.
  
• Claxton-Oldfield, S. et K. Miller. « A study of Canadian hospice palliative care volunteers’ attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide » (2015) 32:3 American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine 305.
  
• Keown, John. « A right to voluntary euthanasia? Confusion in Canada in Carter » (2014) 28:1 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy.
  
• Marcoux, I., et al. « Health care professionals’ comprehension of the legal status of end-oflife practices in Quebec: Study of clinical scenarios » (2015) 61 Le médecin de famille canadien Canadian Family Physician e196.
  
• Murphy, S. « Legalizing therapeutic homicide and assisted suicide: A tour of Carter v. Canada » (2012).
  
• Newman, D.G. « Judicial method and three gaps in the Supreme Court of Canada's assisted suicide judgment in Carter » (2015) 78 Saskatchewan Law Review 217.
  
• Schafer, A. « Physician assisted suicide: The great Canadian euthanasia debate » (2013) 36 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 522.
  
• Surtees, D. « Authorizing of physician-assisted death in Carter v. Canada (Attorney  General) » (2015) 78 Saskatchewan Law Review 225.
  
• Tigerstrom, Barbara von. « Consenting to physician-assisted death: Issues arising from Carter v. Canada (Attorney General) » (2015) 78 Saskatchewan Law Review 233.
  
• Vachon, M. « Quebec proposition of Medical Aid in Dying: A palliative care perspective » (2013) 36 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 532.

Universitaires et spécialistes canadiens

• Boudreau, J.D., et M.A. Somerville. «  Euthanasia is not medical treatment » (2013) 106 British Medical Bulletin 45.
• Boudreault, J.D., M.A. Somerville et N. Biller-Andorno. «  Physician-Assisted Suicide »  (2013) 368 New England Journal of Medicine 1450.
• Chochinov, H. M. et al. «  Understanding the will to live in patients nearing death » (2005) 46:1 Psychosomatics 7.
• Chochinov, H.M. «  Dying, dignity, and new horizons in palliative end-of-life care » (2006) 58 CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians 84.
• Chochinov, H.M. et al. «  Dignity in the terminally ill: a cross-sectional, cohort study » (2002) 360 Lancet 2026.
• Chochinov, H.M. et al. «  Dignity in the terminally ill: a developing empirical model » (2002) 54 Social Science and Medicine 433.
• Chochinov, H.M. et al. «  The Patient Dignity Inventory: A Novel Way of Measuring Dignity-Related Distress in Palliative Care  » (2008) 36:6 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 559.
• Chochinov, H.M. et al. «  The Landscape of Distress in the Terminally Ill » (2009) 38(5) Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 641.
• Chochinov, H.M. et al. «  Effect of dignity therapy on distress and end-of-life experience in terminally ill patients: A randomized controlled trial » (2011) 12 Lancet Oncology 753.
• Chochinov, H.M. et al. «  Dignity in the Terminally Ill: Revisited » (2006) 9:3 Journal of Palliative Medicine 666.
• Chochinov, H.M. «  Dignity and the essence of medicine: the A, B, C, and D of dignity conserving care » (2007) 335:7612 British Medical Journal 184. ―――. «  Dignity and the Eye of the Beholder » (2004) 22:7 Journal of Clinical  Oncology 1336.
• Heisel, M.J. et P.R. Duberstein. «  Suicide prevention in older adults » (2005) 12 Clinical  Psychology: Science and Practice 242.
• Heisel, M.J. «  Suicide and its prevention among older adults » (2006) 51 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 143.
• Heisel, M.J. et al. «  Concordance of self-and proxy-reported suicide ideation in depressed adults 50 years of age or older » (2011) 56 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 219
• Mishara, B.L. et D.N. Weisstub. «  Premises and evidence in the rhetoric of assisted suicideand euthanasia » (2013) 36 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 427.
• Mishara, B.L. et D.N. Weisstub. «  Ethical, Legal, and Practical Issues in the Control and Regulation of Suicide Promotion and Assistance over the Internet » (2007) 37:1 Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 58.
• Mishara, B.L. et D.N. Weisstub. «  Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Suicide Prevention »  (2010) 40:2 Suicide Life Threat Behav.159.
• Mishara, B.L. et D.N. Weisstub. «  Défis éthiques pour les nouvelles pratiques en prévention du suicide » (2010) 14:114 La Revue Française et Francophone de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale 6.

États-Unis

• Bostrom, B.A. «  Baxter v. State of Montana » (2010) 26 Issues in Law et Medicine 79.
• Breitbart, W. «  Physician-assisted suicide ruling in Montana: Struggling with care of the  dying, responsibility, and freedom in big sky country » (2010) 8:01 Palliative and  Supportive Care 1.
• Campbell, C.S. et M.A. Black. «  Dignity, death, and dilemmas: A study of Washington hospices and physician-assisted death » (2014) 47:1 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 137.
• Cerminara, K.L. et A. Perez. «  Therapeutic death: A look at Oregon’s law » (2000) 6   Psychology Public Policy Law 503.
• Coleman, D. «  Assisted suicide laws create discriminatory double standard for who gets  suicide prevention and who gets suicide assistance: Not Dead Yet Responds to   Autonomy Inc. » (2010) 3 Disability Health Journal 39.
• Drum, C.E. et al. «  The Oregon Death with Dignity Act: Results of a literature review and  naturalistic inquiry » (2010) 3:1 Disability and Health Journal 3.
• Espino, D.V. et al. «  Physician‐assisted suicide attitudes of older Mexican‐American and Non‐Hispanic white adults: Does ethnicity make a difference? » (2010) 58:7 Journal of  the American Geriatrics Society 1370.
• Foley, K. et H. Hendin. The Oregon Experiment, in The Case Against Assisted Suicide: For the Right to End-of Life Care, Baltimore, (Md) Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
• Gamondi, C. et al. «  Families’ experiences with patients who died after assisted suicide: a  retrospective interview study in southern Switzerland » (2013) 24:6 Annals of oncology 1639.
• Ganzini, L. et al. «  Oregon Physicians Perceptions of Patients who Request Assisted Suicide  and their Families » (2003) 6 Journal of Palliative Medicine 381.
• Ganzini, L. et al. «  Oregonians Reasons for Requesting Physician Aid in Dying » (2009) 169  Archives of Internal Medicine 489.
• Ganzini, L. et al. «  Mental Health Outcomes of Family Members of Oregonians who Request Physician Aid in Dying » (2009) 28: 6 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 807.
• Ganzini, L. et al. «  Physicians experiences with the Oregon Death with Dignity Act » (2000) 342 New England Journal of Medicine 557.
• Ganzini, L. et al. «  Oregon physicians attitudes about and experiences with end-of-life care since passage of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act » (2001) 285:18 Journal of American Medical Association 2363.
• Hamilton, N.G. et C.A. Hamilton. «  Competing Paradigms of Response to Assisted Suicide   Requests in Oregon » (2005) 162:6 American Journal of Psychiatry 1060.
• Hendin, H. et K. Foley. «  Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon: A Medical Perspective »  (2008) 106 Michigan Law Review 1613.
• Hedberg, K., D. Hopkins et M. Kohn. «  Five years of legal physician-assisted suicide in Oregon » (2003) 348 New England Journal of Medicine 961.
• Lee, B.C. et J.L. Jr. Werth. «  Observations on the first year of Oregon’s Death with Dignity   Act » (2000) 8 Psychol Public Policy Law 268.
• Norton, E.M. et P.J. Miller. «  What their terms of living and dying might be: Hospice social workers discuss Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act » (2012) 8:3 Journal of Social Work in  End-of-Life & Palliative Care 249.
• Oldham, R.L. et al. «  Attachment styles of Oregonians who request physician-assisted   death » (2011) 9:02 Palliative and Supportive Care 123.
• Reynolds, L. «  Losing the quality of life: The move towards society’s understanding and acceptance of physician aid-in-dying and the Death with Dignity Act » (2013) 48 NewEngland Law Review 343.
• Rich, B.A. «  Baxter v. Montana: What the Montana Supreme Court said about dying, dignity, and palliative options of last resort » (2011) 9:03 Palliative and Supportive Care 233.
• Sullivan, A. et al. «  Legalized physician-assisted suicide in Oregon: The second year » (2000) 342 New England Journal of Medicine 598.
• Svenson, A.G. «  Montana’s courting of physician aid in dying: Could Des Moines follow  suit? » (2010) 29:2 Politics and the Life Sciences 2.
• Purvis, T.E. «  Debating death: religion, Politics, and the Oregon Death with Dignity Act »  (2012) 85:2 The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 271.

Belgique

• Andrew, E.V. et al. «  Social-cultural factors in end-of-life care in Belgium: a scoping of the research literature  » (2011) 27:2 Palliative medicine 131.
• Bernheim, J. et al. «  Euthanasia and Palliative Care in Belgium: Legitimate Concerns and Unsubstantiated Grievances  » (2010) 13:7 Journal of Palliative Medicine 798.
• Bernheim, J.L. et al. «  The Belgian model of comprehensive end-of-life care: Palliative care and euthanasia as complementing, non-conflicting developments. I. Historical, epidemiological and regulatory data » [en néerlandais] (2012) 68:11 Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 539.
• Bilsen, J. et al. «  Nurses’ involvement in physician-assisted dying under the euthanasia lawin Belgium » (2014) 51:12 International Journal of Nursing Studies 1696.
• Bilsen, J. et al. «  Changes in medical end-of-life practices during the legalization process of euthanasia in Belgium » (2007) 65 Social Science and Medicine 803.
• Bilsen, J. et al. «  Medical End-of-Life Practices under the Euthanasia Law in Belgium » (2009) 361:11 New England Journal of Medicine 1119.
• Broeckaert, B. et al. «  Euthanasia and palliative care in Belgium: The attitudes of Flemish  palliative care nurses and physicians toward euthanasia » (2010) 1:3 AJOB Primary Research 31.
• Chambaere, K. et al. «  Characteristics of Belgian life-ending acts without explicit patient request; a large-scale death certificate survey revisited » (2014) 2:4 Canadian MedicalAssociation Journal Open E262.
• Chambaere, K. et al. «  Physician-assisted deaths under the euthanasia law in Belgium: a population-based survey » (2010) 182:9 Journal de l’Association médicale canadienne  Canadian Medical Association Journal 895.
• Chambaere, K. et al. «  End‐of‐life decisions in individuals dying with dementia in Belgium » (2015) 63:2 Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 290.
• Cohen, J. et al. «  Cultural differences affecting euthanasia practice in Belgium: One law but   different attitudes and practices in Flanders and Wallonia » (2012) 75:5 Social Science &  Medicine 845.
• Cohen, J. et al. «  Nationwide survey to evaluate the decision-making process in euthanasia requests in Belgium: do specifically trained 2nd physicians improve quality of consultation? » (2014) 14 BMC Health Services Research 307.
• Cohen-Almagor, R. «  Euthanasia Policy and Practice in Belgium: Critical Observations and Suggestions for Improvement » (2009) 24:3 Issues in Law et Medicine 187.
  ―――.«  First do no harm: intentionally shortening lives of patients without their explicit request in Belgium » (2015) Journal of Medical Ethics 1. ―――.«  First do no harm: pressing concerns regarding euthanasia in Belgium » (2013) 36 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.
• Gamester, N. et B. Van Den Eynden. «  The Relationship between Palliative Care and Legalized Euthanasia in Belgium » (2009) 12:7 Journal of Palliative Medicine 589.
• Giglio, F. et A.G. Spagnolo. «  Pediatric euthanasia in Belgium: Some ethical considerations » (2014) 12:3 Journal of Medicine and the Person 146.
• Inghelbrecht. E. et al. «  The role of nurses in physician-assisted deaths in Belgium » (2010)182:9 Canadian Medical Association Journal 905.
• Meeussen, K. et al. «  Physician reports of medication use with explicit intention of hastening  the end of life in the absence of explicit patient request in general practice in Belgium » (2010) 10 BMC Public Health 186.
• Meeussen, K. et al. «  Dealing with requests for euthanasia: interview study among general practitioners in Belgium » (2011) 41:6 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1060.
• Pardon, K. et al. «  Preferred and actual involvement of advanced lung cancer patients and their families in end-of-life decision making: A multicenter study in 13 hospitals in Flanders, Belgium » (2012) 43:3 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 515.
• Roelands, M. et al. «  Attitudes of Belgian students of medicine, philosophy, and law toward  euthanasia and the conditions for its acceptance » (2015) 39:3 Death studies 139.
• Smets, T. et al. «  Reporting of euthanasia in medical practice in Flanders, Belgium: cross  sectional analysis of reported and unreported cases » (2010) 341 British Medical Journal   C5174.
• Smets, T.,  et al. « Legal Euthanasia in Belgium Characteristics of All Reported Euthanasia Cases » (2010) 48 Medical Care 187.
• Smets, T. et al. «  Euthanasia in patients dying at home in Belgium: interview study on adherence to legal safeguards » (2010) British Journal of General Practice e163.
• Smets, T. et al. «  Attitudes and experiences of Belgian physicians regarding euthanasia  practice and the euthanasia law » (2011) 41:3 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 580.
• Smets, T. et al. «  The labelling and reporting of euthanasia by Belgian physicians : a study of  hypothetical cases » (2010) 22:1 European Journal of Public Health 19.
• Smets, T. et al. «  Reporting of euthanasia in medical practice in Flanders, Belgium : cross sectional analysis of reported and unreported cases » (2010) 341 British Medical Journal   c5174.
• Thienpont, L. et al. «  Euthanasia requests, procedures and outcomes for 100 Belgian patients  suffering from psychiatric disorders: a retrospective, descriptive study » (2015) 5:7  enligne British Medical Journal Open.
• Van Brussel, L., P. Van Landeghem et J. Cohen. «  Media coverage of medical decision making at the end of life : a Belgian case study » (2014) 38:2 Death studies 125.
• Van den Block, L. et al. «  Euthanasia and other end of life decisions and care provided in final three months of life: nationwide retrospective study in Belgium » (2009) 339 British Medical Journal b2772.
• Van den Block, L. et al. «  Euthanasia and other end-of-life decisions: a mortality follow  back study in Belgium » (2009) 9 BMC Public Health 79.
• Van Wesemael, Y. et al. «  Process and outcomes of euthanasia requests under the Belgian act on euthanasia: a nationwide survey » (2011) 42:5 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 721.
• Van Wesemael, Y. et al. «  Implementation of a service for physicians’ consultation and  information in euthanasia requests in Belgium » (2012) 104:3 Health Policy 272.

Les Pays-Bas

• Battin, M.P., F. Norwood et G. Kimsma. «  Vulnerability and the slippery slope at the end-of  life; a qualitative study of euthanasia, general practice and home death in The Netherlands » (2009) 26:6 Family Practice 472.
• Berghmans, R.L. et G.A. Widdershoven. «  Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Consultation and   review » (2012) 23:2 King's Law Journal 109.
• Booij, S.J. et al. «  Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in Huntington’s disease in The Netherlands » (2013) 25:2 International Psychogeriatrics 339.
• Buiting, H. et al. «  Reporting of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in theNetherlands: Descriptive study » (2009) 10:18 BMC Medical Ethics.
• Buiting, H.M. et al. «  Older peoples’ attitudes towards euthanasia and an end-of-life pill inThe Netherlands: 2001–2009 » (2012) 38:5 Journal of Medical Ethics 267.
• Buiting, H.M. et al. «  Dutch criteria of due care for physician-assisted dying in medical practice: a physician perspective » (2008) 34:9 Journal of Medical Ethics e12.
• Cohen-Almagor R. «  Non-Voluntary and Involuntary Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Dutch Perspectives » (2002) II:5 Croatian Journal of Philosophy 46-63.
• De Boer, M.E. et al. «  Advance Directives for Euthanasia in Dementia: How do They Affect Resident Care in Dutch Nursing Homes? Experiences of Physicians and Relatives » (2011) 59 Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 989.
• Dees, M.K. et al. «  Perspectives of decision-making in requests for euthanasia: A qualitative research among patients, relatives and treating physicians in the Netherlands  » (2013)   27:1 Palliative Medicine 27.
• Deliens, L. et al. «  End-of-life decisions in medical practice in Flanders, Belgium: a nationwide survey  » (2000) 356:9244 Lancet 1806.
• Gordijn, B. et R. Janssens. «  The Prevention of Euthanasia through Palliative care: New Developments in the Netherlands » (2000) 41 Patient Education and Counseling 35.
• Haverkate, I. et al. «  Refused and granted requests for euthanasia and assisted suicide in the  Netherlands: interview study with structured questionnaire » (2000) 321 British Medical Journal 865.
• Hesselink, B.A.M. et al. «  Do guidelines on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in Dutch hospitals and nursing homes reflect the law? A content analysis » (2012)38:1 Journal of Medical Ethics 35.
• Jansen-van der Weide, M.C. et al. «  Quality of consultation and the project ‘Support and   Consultation on Euthanasia in the Netherlands’ (SCEN) » (2007) 80:1 Health Policy 97.
• Kim, S.Y., R.G. De Vries et J.R. Peteet. «  Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide of Patients with   Psychiatric Disorders in the Netherlands 2011 to 2014 » en ligne: (2016) JAMAPsychiatry.
• Kimsma, G.K., F. Norwood et M. Battin. «  Vulnerability and the slippery slope at the end-of life: a qualitative study of euthanasia, general practice and home death in the Netherlands » (2009) 26:6 Family Practice 472.
• Kimsma, G.K. «  Death by request in the Netherlands: facts, the legal context and effects on   physicians, patients and families » (2010) 13:4 Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy   355.
• Kouwenhoven, P.S. et al. «  Opinions of health care professionals and the public after eightyears of euthanasia legislation in the Netherlands: A mixed methods approach » (2013) 27:3 Palliative Medicine 273.
• Kouwenhoven, P.S. et al. «  Euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide? A survey from the Netherlands » (2014) 20:1 The European Journal of General Practice 25.
• Kouwenhoven, P.S. et al. «  Opinions about euthanasia and advance dementia: a qualitativestudy among Dutch physicians and members of the general public » (2015) 16 BMC Medical Ethics 7.
• Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B.D. et al. «  Dutch experience of monitoring euthanasia » (2005) 331   British Medical Journal 691.
• Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B.D.et al. «  Euthanasia and Other End-of-Life Decisions in the  Netherlands in 1990. 1995, and 2001 » (2003) 362 Lancet 395.
• Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B.D. et al. «  Trends in end-of-life practices before and after the enactment of the euthanasia law in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2010: a repeated cross  sectional survey » (2012) 380:9845 Lancet 908.
• Ost, S. et A. Mullock. «  Pushing the boundaries of lawful assisted dying in the Netherlands?  Existential suffering and lay assistance » (2011) 18:2 European Journal of Health Law 163.
• Pols, H. et S. Oak «  Physician-assisted dying and psychiatry: Recent developments in the Netherlands » (2013) 36:5 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 506.
• Rietjens, J. et al. «  Two Decades of Research on Euthanasia from the Netherlands. What   Have We Learnt and What Questions Remain? » (2009) 6 Journal of Bioethical Inquiry  271.
• Schoonman, M.K. et al. «  Non-physician-assisted suicide in The Netherlands: a cross   sectional survey among the general public » (2014) 40:12 Journal of Medical Ethics 842.
• Snijdewind, M.C. et al. «  Complexities in euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide as   perceived by Dutch physicians and patients' relatives » (2014) 48:6 Journal of Pain and   Symptom Management 1125.
• Snijdewind, M.C. et al. «  A Study of the First Year of the End-of-Life Clinic for Physician Assisted Dying in the Netherlands » (2015) 175:10 American Medical Association Journal of Internal Medicine 1633.
• Van der Heide, A. et al. «  End of life practices in the Netherlands under the Euthanasia Act » (2007) 356:19 New England Journal of Medicine 1957.
• Van Tol, D.G., J.A. Rietjens et A. van der Heide. «  Empathy and the application of the“unbearable suffering” criterion in Dutch euthanasia practice » (2012) 105:2 Health Policy 296.

Suisse

• Black, I. «  Existential suffering and the extent of the right to physician assisted suicide in Switzerland » (2014) 22:1 Medical Law Review 109.
• Bosshard, G., S. Fischer et W. Bär. «  Open regulation and practice in assisted dying – How Switzerland compares with the Netherlands and Oregon » (2002) 132 Swiss Medical Weekly 527.
• Bosshard, G., E. Ulrich et W. Bär. «  748 cases of suicide assisted by a Swiss right-to-die organisation » (2003) 133 Swiss Medical Weekly 310.
• Bosshard, G. et al. «  Assessment of requests for assisted suicide by a Swiss Right-to-Die   Society » (2008) 62 Death Studies 646.
• Bosshard, G. «  Switzerland » in J. Griffiths et H. Weyers, eds, Euthanasia and Law in  Europe, Oregon, Hart Publishing, 2008.
• Brauer, S., C. Bolligerb et J.D. Struba. «  Swiss physicians’ attitudes to assisted suicide » (2015) 145 Swiss Medical Weekly w14142.
• Fischer, S. et al. «  Suicide assisted by two Swiss right-to-die organizations » (2008) 34:11 Journal of Medical Ethics 810.
• Fischer, S. et al. «  Reasons why people in Switzerland seek assisted suicide: the view of patients and physicians » (2009) 139:23-24 Swiss Medical Weekly 333.
• Fischer, S. et al. «  Suicide assisted by two Swiss right-to-die organisations » (2008) 34  Journal of Medical Ethics 810.
• Frei, A. et al. «  Assisted suicide as conducted by a Right-to-Die Society in Switzerland: Adescriptive analysis of 43 consecutive cases » (2001) 131 Swiss Medical Weekly 375.
• Gauthier, S. et al. «  Suicide tourism: a pilot study on the Swiss phenomenon » en ligne: (2014) 141:8 Journal of medical ethics DOI : <10.1136/medethics-2014-102091>.
• Harmon, S.H. et N. Sethi. «  Preserving life and facilitating death: What role for government   after Haas v. Switzerland » (2011) 18 European Journal of Health Law 355.
• Hurst, S. et A. Mauron. «  Assisted suicide and euthanasia in Switzerland: allowing a role for  non-physicians » (2003) 326 British Medical Journal 271.
• Pereira, J. et al. «  The response of a Swiss university hospital’s palliative care consult team to  assisted suicide within the institution » (2008) 22:5 Palliative Medicine 659.
• Steck, N., M. Zwahlen et M. Egger. «  Time-trends in assisted and unassisted suicides  completed with different methods: Swiss National Cohort » (2015) 145 Swiss Medical Weekly w14153.

Luxembourg

• Leners, J.C. «  Euthanasia, palliative care, hospice and elderly in Luxembourg. Ethical and numerical considerations over 3 years  » (2013) 4 European Geriatric Medicine S38.

Études comparatives (Europe, É.‑U.)

• Battin, M.P., A. van der Heide, L. Ganzini, G. van der Wal et B.D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen. «  Legal physician-assisted dying in Oregon and the Netherlands: evidence concerning  the impact on patients in vulnerable groups » (2007) 33:10 Journal of Medical Ethics  591.
• Bosshard, G., B. et al. «  A role for doctors in assisted dying? An analysis of legal regulations and medical professional positions in six European countries » (2008) 34 Journal of  Medical Ethics 28.
• Chambaere, K. et J.L. Bernheim. «  Does legal physician-assisted dying impede development  of palliative care? The Belgian and Benelux experience » (2015) 41:8 Journal of Medical Ethics 657.
• Cohen, J. et al. «  Trends in acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in 12European countries (1981-1999) » (2006) 16:6 European Journal of Public Health 663.
• Finlay, I.G. et R. George. «  Legal physician-assisted suicide in Oregon and The Netherlands:  evidence concerning the impact on patients in vulnerable groups – another perspective on Oregon’s data » (2011) 37 Journal of Medical Ethics 171.
• Halliday, S. «  Comparative reflections upon the Assisted Dying Bill 2013. A plea for a more  European approach » (2013) 13:2-3 Medical Law International 135.
• Van der Heide, A. et al. pour le compte du consortium EURELD. «  End-of-life decision   making in six European countries: descriptive study » (2003) 362 Lancet 345.
• Keown, J, «  Considering Physician-Assisted Suicide: an evaluation of Lord Joffe’s Assisted   Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill » (2006) Care Not Killing Alliance Report.
• Lewis, P. et I. Black. «  Adherence to the request criterion in jurisdictions where assisted dying is lawful? A review of the criteria and evidence in the Netherlands, Belgium,  Oregon, and Switzerland » (2013) 41:4 The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 885.
• Price, A. et al. «  Prevalence, course and associations of desire for hastened death in a UK  palliative population: A cross-sectional study » (2011) 1:2 British Medical Journal Supportive and Palliative Care 140.
• Rurup, M.L. et al. «  The first five years of euthanasia legislation in Belgium and the Netherlands: description and comparison of cases » (2012) 26:1 Palliative Medicine 43.
• Smets, T., J. Bilsen, J. Cohen, M.L. Rurup, E. De Keyser et L. Deliens. «  The medical practice of euthanasia in Belgium and The Netherlands: Legal notification, control and evaluation procedures » (2009) 90 Health Policy 181.
• Steck, N. et al. «  Euthanasia and assisted suicide in selected European countries and US states: systematic literature review » (2013) 51:10 Medical Care 938.
• Van Wesemael, Y. et al. «  Establishing specialized health services for professional  consultation in euthanasia: experiences in the Netherlands and Belgium » (2009) 9 BMC Health Services Research 220.
• Voorhees, J.R. et al. «  Discussing physician-assisted dying: Physicians’ experiences in the  United States and the Netherlands » (2014) 54:5 The Gerontologist 808.
• Wesemael, Y.V. et al. «  Establishing specialized health services for professional consultation  in euthanasia: experiences in the Netherlands and Belgium » (2009) 9 British Medical Journal: Health Services Research 220.

Autres

• Aghababaei, N., H. Farahani et J. Hatami. «  Euthanasia attitude: A comparison of two  scales » (2011) 4 Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 9.
• Anquinet, L. et al. «  Similarities and differences between continuous sedation until death and euthanasia–professional caregivers’ attitudes and experiences: A focus group study » (2013) 27:6 Palliative Medicine 553.
• Appelbaum, P.S. «  Physician-Assisted Death for Patients With Mental Disorders – Reasons  for Concern » (2016) 73:4 JAMA Psychiatry 325.
• Back, A.L. et al. «  Clinician-Patient Interactions about Requests for Physician-Assisted  Suicide » (2003) 162 Archives of Internal Medicine 1257.
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• Obstein, K.L., G.K. Kimsma et T. Chambers. «  Practicing euthanasia: the perspective of physicians » (2004) 15:3 Journal Clinical Ethics 223.
• Ogden, R.D. «  The debreather: a report on euthanasia and suicide assistance using adapted scuba technology » (2010) 34:4 Death studies 291.
• Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B.D. et al. «  The last phase of life: who requests and who receives  euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide? » (2010) 48:7 Medical Care 596.
• Orentlicher, D. «  Aging populations and physician aid in dying: The evolution of state government policy » (2014) 48 Indiana Law Review 111.
• Parpa, E. et al. «  Attitudes of health care professionals, relatives of advanced cancer patients  and public towards euthanasia and physician assisted suicide » (2010) 97:2 Health Policy 160.
• Pasman, H.R.W., D.L. Willems et B.D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen. «  What happens after a request for euthanasia is refused? Qualitative interviews with patients, relatives and physicians »  (2013) 92:3 Patient Education and Counseling 313.
• Patterson, C. «  A History of Ideas Concerning the Morality of Suicide, Assisted Suicide, and Voluntary Euthanasia » (2005).
• Pearlman, R.A. et al. «  Motivations for Physician-assisted Suicide - Patient and Family Voices » (2005) 20:3 Journal of General Internal Medicine 234.
• Pereira, J. «  Legalizing euthanasia or assisted suicide: the illusion of safeguards and controls » (2011) 18:2 Current Oncology e38.
• Plaisted, D. «  An undignified side of death with dignity legislation » (2013) 23:3 Kennedy  Institute of Ethics Journal 201.
• Pousset, G. et al. «  Attitudes and practices of physicians regarding physician-assisted dying  in minors » (2010) Archives of Disease in Childhood 182139.
• Prokopetz, J.J. et L.S. Lehmann. «  Redefining physicians' role in assisted dying » (2012) 367:2 New England Journal of Medicine 97.
• Quill, T.E. «  Physicians should “assist in suicide” when it is appropriate » (2012) 40:1 The Journal of Law Medicine et Ethics 57.
• Raus, K., S. Sterckx et F. Mortier. «  Is continuous sedation at the end of life an ethically  preferable alternative to physician-assisted suicide? » (2011) 11:6 The American Journal of Bioethics 32.
• Rietjens, J.A. et al. «  Medical end-of-life decisions: does its use differ in vulnerable patient groups? A systematic review and meta-analysis » (2012) 74:8 Social Science et Medicine  1282.
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• Robson, A. et al. «  The risk of suicide in cancer patients: a review of the literature » (2010) 19:12 Psychooncology 1250.
• Rodin, G. et al. «  The desire for hastened death in patients with metastatic cancer » (2007) 33:6 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 661.
• Rosenfeld, B. et al. «  The Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death Measuring desire for death in terminally ill cancer patients » (2000) 88 Cancer 2868.
• Rosenfeld, B. et al. «  Desire for Hastened Death among Patients with Advanced AIDS » (2006) 47:6 Psychosomatics 504.
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• Rubin, E. «  Assisted suicide, morality, and law : Why prohibiting assisted suicide violates the  Establishment Clause » (2010) 63 Vanderbilt Law Review 761.
• Rurup, M.L. et al. «  The reporting of rate of euthanasia and physicians-assisted suicide. A study of the trends » (2008) 46 Medical Care 1198.
• Rurup, M.L. et al. «  Requests for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide from older persons  who do not have a severe disease : An interview study » (2005) 35 Psychological  Medicine 665.
• Safyan, A.R. «  A call for international regulation of the thriving industry of death tourism. »  (2010) 33 Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review 287.
• Scoccia, D. «  Physician-assisted suicide, disability, and paternalism » (2010) 36:3 Social Theory and Practice 479.
• Shariff, M.J. «  A Perfection of Means, and Confusion of Aims : Finding the Essence of  Autonomy in Assisted Death Laws » (2011) 31:4 Health Law in Canada 81.
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• Siu, W. «  Communities of interpretation: euthanasia and assisted suicide debate » (2010)  20:2 Critical Public Health 169.
• Sjöstrand, M. et al. «  Autonomy-based arguments against physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: a critique » (2013) 16:2 Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 225.
• Smith, K.A. et al. «  Quality of death and dying in patients who request physician-assisted  death » (2011) 14:4 Journal of Palliative Medicine 445.
• Smith, K.A. et al. «  Predictors of pursuit of physician-assisted death. » (2015) 49:3 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 555.
• Spoletini, I. et al. «  Suicide and Cancer: Where do we go from here? » (2011) 78:3 Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 206.
• Starks, H. et al. «  Family Member Involvement in Hastened Death » (2007) 31 Death Studies 105.
• Starks, H. et al. «  Why Now? Timing and Circumstances of Hastened Deaths » (2005) 30:3  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 215.
• Steck, N. et al. «  Suicide assisted by right-to-die associations: a population based cohort study » (2014) 43:2 International Journal of Epidemiology 614.
• Stevens, K.R. « Emotional and Psychological Effects of Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia on Participating Physicians » (2006) 21:3 Issues in Law and Medicine 187.
• Su, A.M. « Physician assisted suicide: Debunking the myths surrounding the elderly, poor  and disabled » (2013) 10 Hastings Race et Poverty Law Journal 145.
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• Sykes, N. et A. Thorns. « Sedative use in the last week of life arid the implications for end of-life decision making » (2003) 163:3 Archives of Internal Medicine 341.
• Syme, R. A Good Death – An argument for voluntary euthanasia, Melbourne, (Austl)  Melbourne University Press, 2008.
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• Titterington, V.B., P.M. Rivolta et S. Schraufnagel. « Right-to-die legislation: A note on factors associated with its adoption » (2013) 33:4 Sociological Spectrum 358.
• Tomlinson, E. et J. Stott. « Assisted dying in dementia: a systematic review of the international literature on the attitudes of health professionals, patients, carers and the public, and the factors associated with these » (2015) 30:1 International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10.
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• Turk, T. « On the Moral and Social Implications of Legalized Euthanasia: An Argument for  the Moral Permissibility of Euthanasia and an Evaluation of the Leading Moral and Social Objections to Legalized Euthanasia in Support of the Continuation of Death with  Dignity Initiatives. » (LLM Thesis, Lawrence University 2002) [article non publié].
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• Vizcarrondo, F.E. « Neonatal euthanasia: The Groningen Protocol » (2014) 81:4 The Linacre  Quarterly 388.
• Wagner, B. et al. « Social acknowledgement as a predictor of post-traumatic stress and  complicated grief after witnessing assisted suicide » (2012) 58:4 International Journal of Social Psychiatry 381.
• Wasserfallen, J.B., R. Chioléro et F. Stiefel. « Assisted Suicide in an Acute Care Hospital: 18 Months Experience » (2000) 138:15-16 Swiss Medical Weekly 239.
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Documents et rapports internationaux, régionaux et gouvernementaux

Canada

• Canada, Aspect humain de la santé mentale et de la maladie mentale au Canada, (Ottawa)  Ministre de Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, 2006.
• Nicol, J., M. Tiedemann et D. Valiquet, Canada, Euthanasie et suicide assisté : l’expérience  internationale, (Étude générale), Division des affaires  juridiques et sociales, Services  d’information et de recherche parlementaires. Publication no 2011-67-F, Ottawa (Ont.) :  Bibliothèque du Parlement, 2013.
• Butler, M. et al. L’euthanasie et l’aide au suicide au Canada, (Étude générale), Division des affaires juridiques et legislatives, Service d’information et de recherche parlementaires, Publication no 2010-68-F, Ottawa (Ont.) : Bibliothèque du Parlement, 2013.
• Canada, Parlement du Canada, Comité parlementaire sur les soins palliatifs et soins de compassion On ne les oublie pas : repenser la vie avec un handicap au Canada : une approche fonctionnelle et prospective (23 mars 2015) (coprésidents : Joe Comartin, Harold Albrecht et Frank Valeriote).
• Canada, Parlement du Canada, Comité parlementaire sur les soins palliatifs et les soins de compassion, Avec dignité et compassion – Soins destinés aux Canadiens vulnérables (novembre 2011) (coprésidents : Joe Comartin, Harold Albrecht et Frank Valeriote).
• Groupe consultatif provincial-territorial d'experts sur l’aide médicale à mourir, Rapport final  (30 novembre 2015) (coprésidents : Jenifer Gibson et Maureen Taylor).
• Québec, Assemblée nationale, Commission spéciale sur la question de mourir dans la dignité,  Mourir dans la dignité, Document de consultation, (mai 2010).
• Québec, Assemblée nationale, Commission spéciale sur la question de mourir dans la dignité,  Mourir dans la dignité, Rapport, (mars 2012).
• Canada, Sénat du Canada, Sous-comité du Comité sénatorial permanent des affaires sociales, des sciences et de la technologie, Des soins de fin de vie de qualité : chaque Canadien et  Canadienne y a droit (juin 2000) (présidente : l’hon. Sharon Carstairs).
• Canada, Sénat du Canada, Comité spécial du Sénat sur l’euthanasie et l’aide au suicide, De la vie et de la mort – Rapport final (juin 1995).

Consultations canadiennes

• Canada, Parlement du Canada, Comité spécial sur l’aide médicale à mourir, L’aide médicale à mourir : une approche centrée sur le patient (février 2016) (les coprésidents : l’hon.  Kelvin Kenneth Ogilvie et Robert Oliphant).
• Canada, Comité externe sur les options de réponse législative à Carter c. Canada,  Consultations sur l'aide médicale à mourir – Résumé des résultats et des principales constatations - Rapport final (17 décembre 2015).
• Association médicale canadienne, Approche fondée sur des principes pour encadrer l’aide à  mourir au Canada (21 janvier 2016).
• Association médicale canadienne, Les soins de fin de vie : un dialogue national –   Consultation des membres de l’AMC (juillet 2014).
• Association médicale canadienne, Les soins de fin de vie : un dialogue national (10 juin  2014).
• Collège des médecins de famille du Canada, Guide de réflexion sur les enjeux éthiques liés  au suicide assisté et à l’euthanasie volontaire (septembre 2015).

Législation

Canada

PL 52, Loi concernant les soins de fin de vie, 1e sess, 41e lég, Québec, 2014 (sanctionné le 10 juin 2014), LRQ c S-32.

Lois internationales

É-U

• É-U, ORS 127.805, The Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 1994Or, 1994.
• É-U, RCW 70.245, The Washington Death with Dignity Act, 2008, Wash, 2008.
• É-U, S-77, An Act relating to Patient Choice and Control at End of Life, 2013-2014 Reg Sess, Vt, 2013.
• É-U, SB-128, End of Life Option Act, 2015-2016 Re Sess, Cal, 2015.

Belgique

• Loi relative à l’euthanasie, MB, 22 juin 2002.
• Loi modifiant la loi du 28 mai 2002 relative à l’euthanasie, en vue d’étendre l’euthanasie aux mineurs, MB, 12 mars 2014.

Luxembourg

• Loi du 16 mars 2009 sur l’euthanasie et l’assistance au suicide, JO, 16 mars 2009.

Pays-Bas

• Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act, JO, 1er avril 2002.

Colombie

• Résolution 1216 de 2015, DO, 20 avril 2015.

Derniers rapports internationaux

• Pays-Bas, Regionale Toetsingscommissies Euthanasie, Jaaverslag 2014. (en néerlandais).
• Belgique, Commission fédérale de contrôle et d’évaluation sur l’euthanasie, Sixième rapport aux Chambres Législatives, par W. De Bondt, E. De Groot, M. Englert, J. Herremans, L. Proot et J.-M. Thomas, 2012-2013, (le 24 juin 2014).
• Luxembourg, Commission nationale de contrôle et d’évaluation de la loi du 16 mars 2009 sur l’euthanasie et l’assistance au suicide, Deuxième rapport à l’attention de la Chambre de Députés, 2011-2012.
• É-U (Or), Division de la santé publique de l’Oregon, Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act, 2014.
• É-U (Wash), Département de la Santé de l’État de Washington, Washington State  Department of Health 2014 Death with Dignity Act Report, 2015.
• Pays-Bas, NIVEL Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Palliative care for terminally ill patients in the Netherlands, 2003.

Autres rapports (article d’opinion, examen de la documentation, exposés juridiques, etc.)

• Association canadienne de soins palliatifs, Cadre national « Aller de l'avant » : feuille de route pour l'intégration de l'approche palliative, (mars 2015).
• KNMG. « The role of the physician in the voluntary termination of life », (2011).
• Lewis Penney et Isra Black, « The effectiveness of legal safeguards in jurisdictions that allow assisted dying » (2012) Rapport mené par The Commission on Assisted Dying (president: Lord Charles Falconer).
• Groupe d’experts de la Société royale du Canada, Prise de décisions en fin de vie (novembre 2011).
• University of Toronto, Joint Centre for Bioethics, Task Force on Physician Assisted Death. After Carter v. Canada: Physician Assisted Death in Canada – Report and  Recommendations (décembre 2015).

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