Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Historical foundations of anti-Black victimization in Canada
- Legacies of slavery and anti-Black racial order
- Post-Emancipation Racial Governance and Institutional Segregation
- Immigration regimes and restriction of Black mobility
- Spatial dispossession and the destruction of Black communities
- Racialized criminalization of Black people
- Policing, surveillance, and state violence
- The 2026 UN Resolution on the transatlantic slave trade and its significance for Black Canadian survivors
- Contemporary patterns of victimization
- Overrepresentation of Black gun violence victims
- Risk factors
- Media narratives
- Enduring impacts of victimization on survivors
- Access to victim services and supports
- Eligibility
- Mistrust of institutions
- Barriers to access
- Immigration-related exclusions
- Lack of targeted supports for survivors
- Geographic inequities
- Funding instability for Black-led organizations
- Data limitations
- Post-victimization experiences
- Police response and reporting
- Court processes and testimonial credibility
- Secondary victimization
- Sentencing outcomes
- Intersectionality: Ethnicity, gender, class, age, disability, and sexual orientation
- Community resilience, advocacy, and transformative approaches
- Implications for policy, research, and practice
- References
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